Parrot Fever: 5 deaths reported in Europe​

A recent spike in parrot fever cases across several European countries has raised concerns, prompting a warning from the World Health Organization (WHO). While the disease remains rare, understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for bird owners and the general public.

Table of Contents

• Parrot Fever – what is it?
• Symptoms of Parrot Fever
• Can Humans Spread It?
• Can Parrot fever be treated?
• About the Outbreak in Europe
• Conclusion

Parrot Fever – what is it?

Parrot fever, also known as psittacosis, is a respiratory infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia psittaci. It primarily affects birds, but humans can contract it through contact with infected birds, their droppings, feathers, or respiratory secretions. While parrots are the most common carriers, over 450 bird species can carry the bacteria.

Symptoms of Parrot Fever

In birds:

• Poor appetite or weight loss
• Inflamed or runny eyes/ nose
• Breathing difficulties
• Diarrhea

In humans:

• Fever and chills
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Dry cough
• Pneumonia (serious in some cases)

Can Humans Spread It?

Human-to-human transmission of parrot fever is extremely rare. The disease poses minimal risk to the general public and cannot be spread through consuming infected animals.

Can Parrot fever be treated?

Treatment for parrot fever typically involves antibiotics commonly used for treating community-acquired pneumonia. While rare, a healthcare provider may request a sample to confirm the diagnosis, especially if a pet bird is involved.

Outbreak in Europe reported so far:

Several European countries, including Austria, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands, have reported an increase in parrot fever cases since November 2023. While the reasons for this rise are under investigation, it could be due to:

• Actual increase in cases
• Improved surveillance and diagnostics

Specific cases reported in EU countries:

• Austria: 14 cases in 2023 (compared to the average of 2 per year) and 4 cases so far in 2024.
• Denmark: 23 cases as of February 27, 2024, with 17 requiring hospitalization and 4 deaths. Wild birds are suspected to be the primary source of infection.
• Germany: 14 confirmed cases in 2023 and 5 confirmed cases so far in 2024.
• Sweden: Doubling of cases in November and December 2023 compared to the previous five years.

The WHO is closely monitoring the situation but considers the overall risk posed by this event to be low. 

However, it is very important for bird owners and bird lovers to be extremely cautious while handling the birds.

Conclusion:

Parrot fever, while uncommon, can pose a health risk to bird owners and those working with birds. Understanding its symptoms and taking preventive measures, such as practicing good hygiene and seeking prompt medical attention if symptoms arise, is crucial. The recent increase in cases in Europe highlights the importance of continued vigilance and collaboration among health authorities to monitor and manage potential outbreaks.